This is most important health issue to be aware and educated about, by every girl or woman these days are facing PCOD/PCOD
Why?
1 in every 10 women suffering from PCOD now a days, it's a new Gynaecologist epidemic.
In previous generations, we hardly saw 1 or 2 cases of PCOS out of 100. But now in this generation we are seeing 8 out of 10.
50% patients that have PCOD are undiagnosed. Some people like less percentage may develop endometrial carcinoma with existing PCOD.
What is PCOD?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a generic description for a broad spectrum of clinical and morphological finding in women with an endocrine dysfunction and metabolism.
PCOD Hormonal aspect:
One of the most common hormonal problems in young women.
In PCOD – brain doesn't produce GnRH in normal cycles. It causes LH levels to raise, FSH levels drop. LH causes ovary to produce more testosterone. Ovary is unable to produce an egg
What is the difference between PCOD and PCOS?
PCOD/PCOS is similar in its nature, except syndrome means where other organs involvement is seen like diabetes, hypertension, obesity.
If disease is just limited to ovary it is PCOD.
CAUSES of PCOS
Sedentary lifestyle is adopted by many girls right from early age with exam competition, long hours due to homework, technology based education.
An unhealthy, imbalance or erratic diet which has more junk food, processed or refined ingredients, frequently eating such foods, irregular timings of food habits, fads of diets and supplements from unregulated sources.
Stress can play a major part. With the current times of a competitive world, globalization, the internet, dropping employment rates worldwide, women are dealing with jobs with high demand on performance, facing work pressure, family pressure. All these can also play a role.
Most important one is abnormal sleep pattern, most of time no inadequate sleep these days most of people are active on phones, laptops, video games, work from home and work from bed even and are deprived of sleep
Presence of chemical pollutants in body, through environmental pollution via air, water, food and skin absorption.
Genetic cause has not been proven yet. You can see that this was hardly there in previous generation women. What was different then was the hands on, active, wholesome lifestyle and nutrition.
Symptoms
These are common complaints most people present to the clinic with:
Problems with their period: they can have irregular cycles, Scanty bleeding, early cycle or they can be delayed, They will have prolonged bleeding.
Weight Gain: Sometimes they will do lot of workout still there will be no lose of weight.
Hair loss: they will have scalp hair loss mostly over front
Male pattern excess of hormones: in body due to that they are thick facial hair, increased body hair.
Difficulty to conceive: infertility now a days its becoming very common and one major reason is PCOD/PCOS.
How to diagnose this disease?
There is criteria to diagnose PCOS that is universally know as Rotterdam criteria.
It includes
1. Irregular periods- Patient can present with a menstrual cycle once in 2-3 months. When they bleed it will be scanty flow
2. Thick facial hair of over upper lip, chin, lower face, acne. Thick hair below umbilicus and midline over sternum. In PCOD, there is insulin resistance it lead to a more bulky ovary and hence production of male pattern hormones in excess in the body leading to the excess hair.
Ultrasound is shows the evidence of PCOS. It is diagnosed by radiologist or gynaecologist by seeing the ovarian volume more than 10cc and multiple follicles in ovary (more than 12 to 20 in each ovary)
Complications of PCOS/PCOD:
Most common complications of pcos is infertility
Infertility in pcos is mainly became of underlying ovulation problems.
Women fails to ovulate regularly
Risk of diabetes and glucose infoluance are more in PCOS. It because of underlying insulin resistance. The hormonal disturbance in PCOS will result in imbalance between the ratios of good and bad cholesterol resulting in increased levels of bad cholesterol which inturn will increase the risk of hypertension & heart diseases
Associated symptoms like increased sugar levels, increased BP, increased cholesterol lead to development of strock
There is chances of endrometrial carcinoma due to hyperestrogen state due to pcos
Treatment is as follow
Diet modification
It is very important to correct PCOD. We should eat healthy diet it contains more leafy vegetables, dry fruits.
Avoid junk food & outside food cheese foods
Try to consume more fruits and vegetables than juices.
Avoid packaged, processed foods.
Avoid sugars, chocolates.
All time to have brown rice, oats barley to avoid more direct carbohydrates.
Drink plenty of water around 4 liters per day
Lifestyle modification
We need physical activity for 1 hour per day to make our hormones to place in correct plane and to reduce stress in our body
Daily 10,000 steps/day walking is important
Cardiac workout 5 days/ week (or) yoga for 1 hour which contains suryanamaskaras.
These all help to control PCOS and reduce weight
Medical treatments:
To regularize cycles it is important for some people 6 months course of O C pills is given to regularize cycles.
To correct hormone imbalance in PCOS we need to Add Tablets of Which contains D.choroinositol and myoinositol vit D
For infertility cases for ovulation to occur. Ovulation induction drugs to be added follicular monitoring to be done for pregnancy.
Surgical treatments:
PCOD can be controlled by laparoscopic ovarian drilling this is last intervention.
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